The Ethical Issues and Social Responsibility of Corporate Management Research Paper

The Ethical Issues and Social Responsibility of Corporate Management at Ford - Research Paper Example Since its creation, individuals have been interested and uncertain about this Ford Pinto model as it has low limit and wellbeing measures, bursting into flames, especially after a backside crash. The particular instance of the three youngsters got media consideration essentially on the grounds that the organization was accused of criminal lead and murder, not just carelessness. Associated with this case were the few other pending common bodies of evidence against Ford for this specific issue. Bigger of the issues that Ford confronted was that of corporate social duty where moral concerns included leading effective and individuals arranged business in today’s time (Ethics and the Individual, n.d). The paper discusses this moral worry that Ford confronted and the moral choices it took to oblige this issue close by. Besides, the paper likewise examines the different elective activities that the organization could have taken to take into account this moral issue within reach. The Ethical Issues in the Case and the Approach utilized by Coordinator The different moral worries within reach that this case recognizes incorporate the dispatch of Ford Pinto with complete information that the item was defective and inclined to issues, for example, the fuel tank bursting into flames after a moderate backside impact with some other vehicle. This moral concern is amplified by the forty or so considerate and one criminal body of evidence against Ford Motor Company dependent on this issue distinguished in the vehicle. The vehicles had explicitly been tried to assess whether the fuel tank was broken and it was found that out of eleven vehicles, eight vehicles had cracked fuel tanks which burst into flames. This issue is confounded further by the way that Ford chose to dispatch its Ford Pinto in two years, which is one year and a half year sooner than the ordinary time range it took for the item to be placed in the market, from an origination of the item. The item was out in the market and it infers that the organizer had an away from on the disappointments of the item but then propelled it in the market with this unequivocal information (The Revised Trevino and Nelson 8-advance model, n.d). In the moral case clarified over, the philosophical methodology that the facilitator utilized for this situation was the equity or reasonableness approach. This methodology infers the chief educated by Aristotle that equivalents are to be dealt with similarly while inconsistent ought to be dealt with inconsistent. In this regard, the ethical inquiry is that whether the activities taken by the facilitator were reasonable and whether these activities rewarded everybody likewise or along these lines or not. The case demonstrates that the organizer propelled the item in spite of knowing its shortcomings and issues, therefore indicating unfair conduct towards different partners of the item (Andre, Meyer, Shanks and Velasquez, 1996). The Stakeholders for the Dilemma It is relevant to examine the different partners and their relationship to the case as it will help us in assessing which partners had the most negative impact from the dispatch and running of Ford Pintos in the market. The most importantly were the clients of Ford Pinto who either drove the Ford Pinto or were travelers in the vehicle. The negative impact for them was that any little mishap especially including the backside of the Ford Pinto, would bring about a burst fuel tank and conceivably a fire which could be perilous to these partners.

Peace and Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Harmony and Justice - Essay Example Be that as it may, the got away from Jews needed to confront significantly harder circumstances in the prospering Europe. There were mass killings and torments. Along these lines, by the 1880s, Jews from Russia and rest of Eastern Europe came back to Palestine and began settling there. Before long, the Jews began developments to set up a country state for the Jewish individuals in Palestine. Jews asserted that the land was their authentic country and Arabs were against it. It required some investment for brutality to develop. As Tessler brings up, however Jews were permitted an autonomous country from that point, Arabs despite everything restricted the Jewish country, along these lines, Israel stays in consistent clash with Palestine and other Arab countries (67). A great deal has been done to explain the contention; however the means were not really fruitful. The principal compelling advance originated from the United Nations through the proposal that Palestine ought to be part into three sections; the one with Jewish country, the second with Arab state, and an International zone that would contain equivalent quantities of Jews and Arabs. Nonetheless, the issue with the arrangement was that the proposed Jewish land would contain countless Arabs, and the proposed Arab state would contain few Jews. Additionally, Jerusalem and Bethlehem were to gone under the control of the United Nations. Both of the sides were against the proposed division since Jews loathed losing Bethlehem and Arabs were against the possibility of an autonomous Jewish country state. In addition, Arabs were stressed over the huge quantities of Arabs who might get caught in the proposed Israel state. Before long, the Partition Plan was put on vote in the UN General Assembly on November 29, 1947. While 33 countries upheld the division, 13 countries were against the arrangement. Another 10 countries favored not to cast a ballot. Be that as it may, Palestine and other Arab countries in the close t o region were firmly against the arrangement. In this way, they moved toward the International Court of Justice with the case that the United Nations’ choice to continue with parcel was against the desires of most of the occupants of the disturbed region. Be that as it may, International Court of Justice settled on a ruling against the intrigue. Before long, savagery emitted and became wild; and no other country turned to mediate. Notwithstanding this brutality, on May 14, 1948, the autonomous State of Israel was proclaimed. From that point forward, savagery continues upsetting the tranquility of the land. In any case, this doesn't imply that endeavors were not made to guarantee harmony in the region. Another arrangement of genuine talks started in the start of 1990s when Israel and Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) began dealings in Oslo, Norway. Because of the discussions, Palestine formally perceived the presence of Israel. Additionally, it was concluded that the Pal estinian Authority (PA) would be the official administering establishment for Palestinian people group. Additionally, Israel permitted PA to manage different locales of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Furthermore, Palestine was helped in building up its own social structure with a police power, council, and other administrative organizations. Consequently, Palestine Authority should create resistance for Israel inside the Arab people group. In any case, the unimportant certainty is that there is fear based oppression that develops in Palestine, and an ensuing ascent in prejudice towards Palestine in Israeli populace. Therefore, assaults and passings have become a typical factor even at this point. As indicated by

AND THERE WAS A PILLOW FIGHT!!!

AND THERE WAS A PILLOW FIGHT!!! On March 1st, this was posted on the MIT 12 Facebook discussion board: On March 5th I received an e-mail from Tamara 12. Hey Snively! So, you want a fun activity to blog about (since we all know a good blog is the only reason to even wake up in the morning ;) ), go to the Boston pillow fight! Apparently theres some sort of pillow fight craziness going on in like 20 cities around the world and it sounds like just the crazy thing youd have fun at :) This paragraph was followed by all of the important details, which mentioned that the pillow fight would be happening on March 22nd in Copley Square. Hm, I thought, wouldnt it be cool if these things happened together? I wandered over to the Facebook group to throw the idea out there but lo and behold, Caroline 11 had already suggested it and *BOOM*, the meetup was scheduled around the pillow fight. While Im not a prefrosh, I do enjoy a good pillow fight every now and again, so I thought Id drop by and beat on some prefrosh. Also, campus was likely to empty out during Spring Break so a pillow fight could help to pass the time. I invited Michelle 11 to come along too since we both would be staying at MIT over the break (flights to Oregon are expensive). March 22nd came and Michelle and I loaded up our backpacks with pillows. I brought a video camera and a digital camera as well (Im a blogger, its what I do). We took the red line to Downtown Crossing and then hopped on the Orange Line to Haymarket. We popped out onto street level and looked around for prefrosh. None. We headed towards Dunkin Donuts for some hash browns and saw a girl with an MIT sweatshirt on. Michelle, see that sweatshirt? Thats a prefrosh! Quick, go into prefrosh mode! You see, Michelle and I had this plan to pretend we were prefrosh and see how long it would take the 12s to notice. We wandered into line and stood behind the girl in the sweatshirt. Michelle and I just stood there, casually chatting, when the girl turned around and asked Are you Michael Snively? So much for pretending to be a prefrosh. It turns out that the girl was Allison 12 and, like us, had totally misjudged how long it would take to arrive by T, meaning we were all about 15 minutes early. As we grabbed our hash browns and coffee we headed outside to wait for some more people to arrive. Arrive they did, and soon we had a group of 11 people gathered: 11s Michelle Yours truly 12s Allison Jean Paul Lauren Xiaoli Craig Andy Bassil Linley We set off for Modern Pastry, but not after I made sure we had a map, because its really easy to get lost in Boston. Our destination was to be Modern Pastry, which we found with relative ease (only got lost twice). Oh! I know why were going the wrong direction! Were on the wrong side of the street! Unfortunately it was packed and there was no room for us. We decided to find somewhere else to eat, which we also found with relative ease (only got lost once). We decided on a small little convenience store which served pizza and subs next to an outdoor market. From front to back: Bassil, Michelle, Xiaoli, Andy, Jean, Paul After scarfing we headed towards Copley for the pillow fight. This was also done with relative ease (lost only once) and along the way we found a truck that was giving out free Monster energy drinks. Full of food and full of caffeine we arrived at Copley an hour before the fight was scheduled to begin. We took that opportunity to chat about MIT, tell personal stories, and laugh at various people we saw walking around. Left to Right: Allison, Xiaoli, and Linley Left to Right: Jean, Andy, Bassil Left to Right: Craig, Paul, Lauren, Michelle Suddenly these two random ladies with backpacks on their chests walked up. Hey guys! Would you like some free Vitamin Water energy drinks!? We all looked at our half-empty (and free) Monster energy drinks and then gaged how much more crap we could fit in our stomachs . . . . SURE! To prove that they were doing their jobs, the girls had to take our picture while we held the energy drinks. As you can see, Im slightly confused by the whole thing. Im the only new one in this picture, Im sporting my new red hoodie As 2 oclock (H-hour for the pillow fight) neared we began seeing signs that massive carnage was about to take place. Reporters never mean good news We think Jean may have had a rock instead of a pillow Seriously, should I be worried? All of a sudden a masked man with a huge flag ran into the middle of the field and there was an uproar from the crowd. A siren went off and we ran like wild animals into the fray. Michelle stood back safely and caught the entire scene on film, which I have reduced to 43 seconds of mayhem We all survived the onslaught, even getting some really solid hits in (I leveled at least one person and still have the black face paint on my pillow to prove it). For some reason though I lost my ability to breathe like a normal human being and began gasping painfully for air. No more pillow fight for me! We all left the park thoroughly pillowed out. We hopped the T back to MIT so we could explore The COOP. On the T we noticed an interesting flaw in a Harvard based ad. Can you spot the mistake? We started losing members of our group as we got off the T and left The COOP. The remaining prefrosh were led on a super-special tour of Burton-Conner by Michelle and I (I say super-special because it makes me feel better about the fairly un-interesting tour I helped lead). After wandering the dorm a bit Michelle and I wished the pre-frosh happy travels and sent them on their way, making them promise to all come to CPW. Thus ends the Boston Admitted Students Meetup/Pillow Fight 2008. It was a blast, Im really glad I went. For those of you who wont have the opportunity to go to an admitted students meetup, dont worry. I didnt get to go to any when I was in high school, this was actually my first. Youll get plenty of chances to do all sorts of neat things once youre at MIT. And so, with that, I say goodbye. It is approaching bed time and I have an exciting day of (checks calender) absolutely nothing to do tomorrow. Maybe Ill play Worms: A Space Odyssey? Yeah, that sounds like a good idea . . .

U-2 Spy Plane Incident With Gary Powers

On May 1, 1960, a  U-2 spy plane  piloted by Francis Gary Powers was brought down near Svedlovsk, Soviet Union while performing high altitude reconnaissance. This event had a lasting negative impact on U.S. - U.S.S.R. relations. The details surrounding this event are to this day still shrouded in mystery. Facts About the U-2 Incident Following World War II, the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union grew increasingly wary. The USSR did not agree to a U.S. Open Skies proposal in 1955 and relations continued to deteriorate. The U.S. instituted high altitude reconnaissance flights over the Soviet Union because of this aura of mistrust. The U-2 was the plane of choice for the spying missions. This plane was able to fly extremely high, with an overall ceiling of 70,000 feet. This was key so that the Soviet Union would not be able to detect the planes and see this as an act of warfare for violating their airspace. The CIA took the lead in the U-2 project, keeping the military out of the picture to avoid any possibilities of open conflict. The first flight in this project occurred on July 4, 1956. By 1960, the U.S. had flown numerous successful missions over and around the U.S.S.R. However, a major incident was about to occur.   On May 1, 1960, Gary Powers was making a flight that left from Pakistan and landed in Norway. However, the plan was to divert his flight path so that he would fly over Soviet airspace. However, his plane was shot down by a surface-to-air missile near  Sverdlovsk Oblast which was located in the Ural Mountains. Powers was able to parachute to safety, but was captured by the KGB. The Soviet Union was able to recover most of the plane. It had proof of Americas spying over their land. When it was obvious that the Soviet Union had caught the US red-handed, Eisenhower admitted on May 11th to knowledge of the program.  Powers was interrogated and then put on trial where he was sentenced to hard labor.   Mysteries The conventional story given to explain the crash of the U-2 and the subsequent capture of Gary Powers is that a surface-to-air missile brought down the plane. However, the U-2 spy plane was constructed to be unassailable by conventional weapons. The major benefit of these high altitude planes was their ability to stay above enemy fire. If the plane was flying at its proper height and had been shot down, many question how Powers could have survived. It would have been very likely that he would have died in the explosion or from the high altitude ejection. Therefore, many individuals question the validity of this explanation. Several alternative theories have been put forward to explain the downing of Gary Powers spy plane: Gary Powers was flying his plane below the high flying reconnaissance altitude and was hit by anti-aircraft fire.Gary Powers actually landed the plane in the Soviet Union.There was a bomb on board the plane. The newest and probably least probable explanation offered for the downing of the planes comes from the pilot of a Soviet plane involved in the incident. He claims to have been ordered to ram the spy plane. Admittedly there is little evidence to support this claim. However, it further muddies the waters of explanation. Even though the cause of the incident is shrouded in mystery there is little doubt to the short and long term consequences of the event. Consequences and Significance The Paris Summit between President Eisenhower and Nikita Krushchev collapsed in large part because Krushchev demanded an apology that Eisenhower was unwilling to give.Gary Powers was convicted of espionage and sentenced to 3 years imprisonment and 7 years of hard labor. He only served 1 year 9 months and 9 days before being traded for the Soviet spy Colonel Rudolph Ivanovich Abel.This incident set in motion a pattern of mistrust that culminated in the Cuban Missile Crisis, a time when U.S.-U.S.S.R. relations reached an all time low. No one can predict if the Cold War might have ended sooner had the U-2 incident not occurred.

[1] In Her Widely Known Call For American Action In The

[1] In her widely known call for American action in the face of genocide, A Problem From Hell, former journalist Samantha Powers wrote â€Å"’all progress depends on the unreasonable man.’ After a century of doing so little to prevent, suppress, and punish genocide, Americans must join and thereby legitimate the ranks of the unreasonable.† Her demand was that American society at large join the few in its ranks who have vehemently fought for U.S. action in the face of genocide, long considered the â€Å"unreasonable†. Power is but one member, albeit a prominent member, of a school of though called interventionism. Interventionism strongly advocated for the use of U.S. military action to put a stop to genocide. It draws strongly from language of†¦show more content†¦However this responsibility must be exercised only when the situation and U.S. capabilities enable a successful military intervention. Military action should be a measure of last resort and the standards for its use should be high. Those standards include multilateral action, logistical feasibility, domestic public support, and an actionable post-genocide plan for stability. [2] When determining US policy, diplomatic and economic tools of statecraft should be more readily deployed than military intervention for the purpose of genocide prevention and mitigation. As interventionist Samantha Power notes in her book, A Problem From Hell, â€Å"[t]he United States should not frame its policy options in terms of doing nothing or unilaterally sending in the marines.† The period of time pre-genocide, which may be characterized by internal unrest or civil war, is a key period of time for U.S. policymakers interested in preserving human life and a nation’s stability. If policymakers fear the development of genocide, they can take steps such as threatening legal consequences, enacting economic sanctions, or â€Å"calling on countries aligned with perpetrator s to ask them to use their influence.† All of these and similar options are far less risky to the U.S. than a military intervention and can be readily applied in order to prevent violence escalating into genocide or in the case of a suspected, but unconfirmed, genocide. [3] However, not all non-military optionsShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination In The United States1451 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Current Events: Discrimination in the United States† â€Å"Walmart to ban woman who told customer to go back to Mexico, called another the N-word†(O’Sullivan 1). This is unfortunately the headline of a recent hateful event that happened in Arkansas, United States. A video was posted on Facebook by Eva Hicks. 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Broken and burning and minus 620,000 men, a new challenge lay before the nation: social equality. How would we address the sickening grievances endured by these African American now-citizens? That question has hallmarked fiery debates from dinner tables all the way to the Supreme Court for more than a century. During the Civil Rights Movement, millions of American citizens demonstrated across theRead MoreBarack Obama s Current Tax Code1728 Words   |  7 Pagespolicy includes the American Opportunity Tax Credit, which gives up to $10,000 worth of tax credits to college students. For businesses that make less than $25 million in gross revenues, and in order to make it less costly for such businesses, President Barrack Obama allows them to dispense with most complicated accounting rules. Lastly, as of today, there are 7 tax brackets in effect: 10%, 15%, 25%, 28%, 33%, 35%, and 39.6%. 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Where Value Rests In Price And In Deed Free Essays

The Impetus We signed up a month ago a singing group, ECHO JAM, for our school’s activities next month. The cost of the contract has been the basis of and has set the price of the tickets we have been selling. But Echo Jam has just been awarded this week with a Platinum recognition for their latest CD released a month ago. We will write a custom essay sample on Where Value Rests: In Price And In Deed or any similar topic only for you Order Now They have become more popular and valuable because of such achievement. We are anxious about the possibility that our students might bank on this surge in the popularity of Echo Jam and they re-sell their tickets at a higher price. The Activity Guideline The student activities committee has already drawn up its guideline for this concert activity. We have priced the ticket in accordance to the costs involved in this activity, plus a little extra for the fund raising objective of this activity. The student council is hoping to augment the logistics of the drama theater club to help them compete in a state competition. The costs incurred for this event are: the contract talent fee of Echo Jam; the additional chairs and sound equipment rented for the event; the printing cost of tickets, posters, flyers and banners; the decorations to be used during the concert; and other incidental administrative costs. The Potential For Abuse And Its Effect It is going to be sad if the newfound surge of success and popularity of Echo Jam and the chance that they were contracted to perform for the school activity – will be subjected to abuse. It is the position of the student activities committee to immediately look into ways and means to avoid the scalping of the tickets for this concert. It is not only illegal, but immoral to take advantage of situations such as this. Scalping tickets can bring about a lot suspicion and mistrust on the objectives, the purpose, the mechanism, the principle of this student activity. The entire school authority and the student council will be subjected to criticism and ridicule for allowing abuse and illicit activity to transpire in this ideal event. Scalping tickets is a hustling activity. The greed and usurping characteristics of people that can infiltrate the students will do a lot of harm to the psyche of the students. Even assuming that an organized group has a seeming well intention of allowing the student committee and/or the school to earn more money for this event to help its objective of innovating on the logistics of the drama theater – still, the end does not justify the means. It does not abide well with the illustration of where true value rests. The Equation Of Value The Echo Jam concert has a clear cut objective. It is a student activity with the inner purpose of creating camaraderie, wholesome fun whilst the students have just completed their final exams. The student activities committee contracted them because their talent is commendable. The true value of their contract talent fee is a sure indication of the benefit and rewards that viewers or an audience will be delighted with during their performance. Their attaining their success and popularity is something they worked hard for and it is for their own merit and advantage and business and concern to realize the value of their achievements. Proponents like the school’s activities committee is only concerned with the objective of the exercise: which is, the concert. It is not the business of the school activities committee or the school or the student to make money out of the value of the achievements of Echo Jam. The school and its committee and its students are not commercial entities that will consider achieving greed in profit because Echo Jam is a â€Å"good catch†. The students will therefore be advised against the possibility of scalping their tickets. They will be also warned that penalties and sanctions will be imposed if they indulge in such undesirable activity as it is tantamount to misdemeanor. How to cite Where Value Rests: In Price And In Deed, Papers

Marketing segmentation Essays - Marketing, Market Economics

Marketing segmentation Name Affiliation There are four major steps in designing a customer driven marketing strategy. They include market segmentation, differentiation, market targeting and positioning (Armstrong, et al 2013). Market segmentation Market segmentation can be defined as the process of dividing up the total market if all the people in the organization can sell its products or service. So this is the process of dividing up the total market into measurable, identifiable and discrete groups that share common characteristics or the needs and whose communication messages and reactions about products or services are similar (Armstrong, et al 2013). Market targeting The organization needs to start by first identifying a range of possible segments in the market and then start the targeting process. This process can be termed as a re-evaluation of the segments and the profiles that are matched against the resources and the core competencies to identify the attractive segments to target. It involves evaluating every market segment's attractiveness and selecting the market segment to enter (Armstrong, et al 2013). Differentiation In regards to differentiation there are some examples of product differentiation, they include channel differentiation, service differentiation, image differentiation and people differentiation. Promotion differentiation can be superior, distinctive, communicable, affordable, pre-emptive and profitable. Differentiation involves differentiating the market offing so that a superior customer value is created (Armstrong, et al 2013). Positioning The positioning of the product process involves making of fine adjustments to the service in accordance to the research conducted in the marketing planning process and the creation of an image of the service which meets the target market values. The position can be made up of the core competencies or the specific value requirements of the target group. For every target segment, adjustments are made in the market mix. Positioning involves arrangement of the market offing so as to occupy a clear, distinctive and a desirable place that is relative to the competing products to the target consumers (Armstrong, et al 2013). Question 2 behavioral segmentation In behavioral segmentation, the marketers divide the buyers into groups on the basis of the customer's knowledge and attitude towards the use of, or response to a product. Occasion: the occasion marks the time of the day, week, month, year or the other defined aspects of the life of a customer. The marketers can distinguish the buyers according to the occasion when a product is brought or when a product is brought. An example is air travel that is triggered by occasions that are related to vacation or business. The greeting cards are designed according to the festival season that trigger their buying like new year, Christmas, wedding anniversaries, valentine's day and teachers day and the birth of a child. Dry fruits, chocolates and sweets are specifically packed for the festivals like Diwali and Holi. Occasion segmentation helps in expanding the product usage (Armstrong, et al 2013). Benefits Not everybody gets the same benefits from the products they buy. The benefits based and needs based segmentation is used widely because it identifies the distinct market segments that clear marketing implications. An example in this case is shampoo that offers several benefits like basic cleaning, shine and bounce, conditioning, suitability for different hair types and dandruff control (Armstrong, et al 2013). User status Not everybody uses all the products. Every product has its potential users, non users and ex-users, regular and first time users. An example here is the blood donors that cannot rely on regular donors to supply them with blood, they should go ahead and recruit new first time donor and also be in a position to contact ex donors, this is done with different marketing strategy (Armstrong, et al 2013). Usage rate In the markets the segmentation is done according to light, medium and heavy product users. The heavy users are not so many but they account for a high percentage of the total consumption. An example here is the usage of cellular phones. The cellular phone service providers do the calculation of their average revenue per user and the heavy account user for a larger part of the revenue more than the casual users (Armstrong, et al 2013). Loyalty status Companies gain a lot by analyzing the

Word Choice All Together vs. Altogether

Word Choice All Together vs. Altogether Word Choice: All Together vs. Altogether What happens when two words become one? Sometimes, like with â€Å"all right† and â€Å"alright,† both terms mean the same thing. But then we have â€Å"all together† and â€Å"altogether.† These terms have a shared origin, but they have also developed distinct meanings in modern English. How, then, should we use them? And how can you avoid errors in your writing? Let us explain. All Together (All in One Place or All in Unison) Written as two words, â€Å"all together† usually means â€Å"all in one place†: My family and I were all together on vacation last year. A slightly different use is to mean â€Å"all in unison† or â€Å"all at the same time†: Let’s sing a Christmas carol. All together now! We can also separate the â€Å"all† and â€Å"together† in some sentences. For example: All of my family and I were together on vacation last year. Let’s all sing a Christmas carol together! These mean the same as the equivalent sentences above, but they have been restructured. The key factor is that â€Å"all† is a determiner and â€Å"together† is an adverb in all of these sentences. Altogether (Entirely or Taken as a Whole) Written as one word, â€Å"altogether† usually means â€Å"entirely† or â€Å"completely†: I’m not altogether sure you used that word correctly. Another use is to mean â€Å"takes as a whole† or â€Å"all things considered†: Altogether, it was the best Christmas we ever had. Finally, especially in the UK, â€Å"in the altogether† is a slang phrase for being nude. You probably don’t need to know this, as it’s quite rare. But we find the phrase amusing, so we thought we’d share. All Together or Altogether? These terms have developed distinct meanings over time, so make sure not to confuse them. Remember: The two-word phrase all together means â€Å"all in one place† or â€Å"all in unison.† Written as a single word, altogether means â€Å"entirely† or â€Å"taken as a whole.† If you are unsure which to use, try replacing it in the sentence with â€Å"entirely† or â€Å"taken as a whole.† If the replacement fits, â€Å"altogether† will be correct. Otherwise, â€Å"all together† will be correct. And if you’d like any help checking the spelling in your writing, feel free to get in touch.

Learning About C# for Beginners

Learning About C# for Beginners C# is a general purpose object-oriented programming language developed at Microsoft and released in 2002. It is similar to Java in its syntax. The purpose of C# is to precisely define a series of operations that a computer can perform to accomplish a task. Most C# operations involve manipulating numbers and text, but anything that the computer can physically do can be programmed in C#. Computers have no intelligence- they have to be told exactly what to do, and their actions are defined by the programming language you use. Once programmed, they can repeat the steps as many times as needed at high speed. Modern PCs are so fast they can count to a billion in seconds. What Can a C# Program Do? Typical programming tasks include  putting data into a database or pulling it out, displaying high-speed graphics in a game or video, controlling electronic devices attached to the PC and playing music or sound effects. You can even use it to write software to generate music or help you compose. Some developers believe that C# is too slow for games  because it is interpreted  rather than compiled. However the .NET Framework compiles the interpreted code the first time it runs. Is C# the Best Programming Language? C# is a highly ranked program language. Many computer languages are written for a specific purpose, but C# is a general purpose language with features to make programs more robust.   Unlike C and to a lesser extent Java, the screen handling in C# is excellent on both desktops and the web. In this role, C# overtook languages such as Visual Basic and Delphi. Which Computers Can Run C#? Any PC that can run the .NET Framework can run the C# programming language. Linux supports C# using the Mono C# compiler. How Do I Get Started With C#? You need a C# compiler. There are a number of commercial and free ones available. The professional version of Visual Studio can compile C# code. Mono is a free and open-source C# compiler. How Do I Begin Writing C# Applications? C# is written using a text editor. You write a computer program as a series of instructions (called statements) in a notation that looks a little like mathematical formulas. This is saved as a  text file and then compiled and linked to generate machine code which you then can run. Most applications you use on a computer were written and compiled like this, many of them in C#. Is There Plenty of C# Open Source Code? Not as much as in Java, C or C but it is starting to become popular. Unlike commercial applications, where the source code is owned by a business and never made available, open source code can be viewed and used by anyone. Its an excellent way to learn coding techniques. The Job Market for C# Programmers There are plenty of C# jobs out there, and C# has the backing of Microsoft, so is likely to be around for a while.   You could write your own games, but youd need to be artistic or need an artist friend because you also need music and sound effects. Perhaps youd prefer a career as a business software developer creating business applications or as a software engineer.

Master dissertation proposal (outline)of about 600 words Essay

Master dissertation proposal (outline)of about 600 words - Essay Example The purpose of introducing ICT in education is to enhance the language learning and educational activities of students and support the teaching process by means of computers, internet and the latest technologies. ICT has already become a part and parcel of young kids’ lives. The research will focus on questions like: has introducing ICT concepts at so young an age helped children discover, examine, explain and solve problems, foresee, argue and judge? For primary school children, that is, key stage 1 and 2, do teachers feel their responsibility where to make use of ICT tools to support language learning of the students? Is ICT also helping children with special needs or not? There are a lot of ICT tools available that help children with special needs adapt to their new learning environment which is more efficient and more helpful to them. Do these tools help children who find difficulties such as language hurdles, cultural hurdles, writing trouble (dysgraphia), reading difficu lties (dyslexia), math difficulties (dyscalculia), memorizing difficulties and environmental disadvantages? These issues have inspired me to conduct a research about ICT in CALL for young children. Harriet, Price. The Really Useful Book of ICT in the Early Years. United Kingdom, UK: Routledge, 2008. (This book helps explain the role of ICT in young children’s education especially their language learning process.) Siraj-Blatchford, Irum., & John Siraj-Blatchford. A Guide to Developing the ICT Curriculum for Early Childhood Education. United Kingdom, UK: Trentham Books, 2006. (This book is also a great help in understanding the importance of ICT in CALL in early childhood phases.) Questionnaires and personal interviews with teachers, parents and children will be conducted. I shall visit parents at homes and teachers and children at school. I shall conduct a comparative research based on results received from children

Cyber Strategies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cyber Strategies - Assignment Example Both strategies are formed/ adopted with the aim of maximizing opportunities with respect to limited resources; with an increase in state-sponsored and independent cyber threats, both governments and respective departments have seen the need to lead strong and secure presence in the cyberspace but constrained by the constraints of budget allocation and stricter financial oversights forcing them to acquire transformative ways to acquire, maintain and operate the information technology so as to achieve efficiency, effectiveness and security. Both Strategies are information and technology designed with which detection, alerts and response are convenient to the user. This rules out the duplicative, cumbersome and costly application silos to an end state/ organization; which is cost-effective, agile and convenient as the environment of exchange is rapid and accommodative to changing missions or strategy at an organization level. The strategies perpetuate scientific, technical, industrial and human capabilities in that in order to bar unintended intrusions and ensure security and operations advancement features, they are based on the mastery technology and know-how in areas of cryptology and formal methods, and extensive research and development to catch up with technologically advanced nations/organizations (Jacobs, 2010). They are designed to protect/ secure the information and data of states/organizations and operators of critical infrastructure through robust authentication systems base.

Reading Difficulties In Students With Dyslexia?

Reading Difficulties In Students With Dyslexia? INTRODUCATION Reading is a necessary skill for success in all societies, and the ability to read throughout various contexts effectively likely to improve self confidence and social progress as well as ones potential carrier. However, Reading difficulties is the problem that faces many students with dyslexia across different educational system. It seems clear that there are two main methods of conceiving LD in general and the natural reality concept of dyslexia. One main definition relates to psychological/medical model and the other is social model (Kevin, 1999). It is frequently pointed out that reading skill is complicated because it is based on two main processes which are coding, comprehension. They require learning all alphabetical characters and the outcome of knowledge as well as interaction with the readers own experiences and access to results through the text. According to H. Lee Swanson, Karen R. Harris, Steve Graham (2006) reading difficulties is deficit in learning processes which are include visual perception and perceptual Kinetic perceptionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ etc. They established training programs for this processes which are prerequisite for learning to read, such as audio and visual perception. However, this trend has been criticized by researchers; because the theoretical philosophy was relatively weak and it was not grounded on scientific based evidence instead it was meant to see only virtual behavior. On the other hand, in the sixties and seventies of the last century has returned to focus on direct teaching and structured learning, which focus on Code-emphasis and Whole Language (Hoien, 2000). Unfortunately, it is clear that there is no known medical alternative to reduce the severity of cognitive processing delay in pupils with reading difficulties. Therefore, teachers are required to work instructional adjustments as a result, students with reading difficulties are to be successful in an suitable academic environment that help to reduce reading difficulties (such as eliminate any source of disturbance at mainstream classrooms and resource room). One of the most important instructional adjustments is use of basic procedures for appropriate intervention in early stage of educational ladder to avoid reading problems in students through use of various programs of intervention by specialized teachers and clinical psychologist. Another instructional adjustment which is methods of teaching students with dyslexia how do they read? (Kevin,1999). On the other hand, dyslexia friendly schools are an appropriate environment for children. They are to be provided with effective support and awareness of their additional requirements. The aim of this very brief essay is to discuss different definitions of dyslexia. Intervention to reduce reading difficulties in students with dyslexia will be discussed with a focus on stages of intervention in England; issues associated with intervention and also focus on Reading Recovery. Teaching Methods for students with reading difficulties will be examined in terms of Whole Language Instructions and Code- emphasis Instructions. Finally, Facilitating dyslexia friendly schools will be explored in brief. 1. Definition of Dyslexia It seems a controversial issue relatively in the beginning, because dyslexia has defined in many approaches, some of the definitions reflect the theories of causation, while the other definitions in an attempt to describe dyslexia. It seems clear that dyslexia involves more than one condition as it conveys a conceptual difficulty in reading skills for the child as well as a number of other reasons ((Rice, 2004). A hundred years have passed by since the first systematic definition of dyslexia as well as the diagnosis was established( Frith, 1999) and there is still considerable debate among professionals, professionals, psychologists and teachers about the conceptual issues of dyslexia, whoever in fact not far from agreement on their knowledge of concepts, skills development needs and capabilities, as well as diagnosis. Moreover, professionals and associations interested in special education differ in the definition of a large private educational terms, particularly in the case of attention deficit attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention deficit disorder(ADD) and dyslexia. In one community, has experienced difficulty in teaching reading as indicating poor reading skills that must be addressed by large-effective teaching methods. On the other hand, it is observed that another community the same way of reading difficulties in dyslexia, which contains an individual educational plan (IEP) that need to be highly efficient for the education of each individual case. Moreover, there are many of reliable definitions that have been adopted from a wide range of different instruction environments, such as definition of the British Association for Dyslexia (2001), which seems to be a descriptive definition , which indicate that dyslexia can be seen as : A combination of abilities and difficulties which affect the learning process in one or more of reading, spelling, and writing. Accompanying weakness may be identified in areas of speed of processing, short-term memory, sequencing, auditory and / or visual perception, spoken language and motor skills. It is particularly related to mastering and using written language, which may include alphabetic, numeric and musical notation ( Reid, 2002). It is agreed widely that reading skill is key for all people to complete the learning process successfully and appears to be agreement that the learning process needs to be a large number of simple skills, which requires the functions are ordered from different regions of the brain (both left and right from the Brocas area and Hamichaer ), moreover, the sequence of actions that may make it one of the most complex operations. It is clear that all teachers, practitioners and parents should have information about children with dyslexia and the most important problems they face, especially in reading to understand the definition of the educational process (British Dyslexia Association, 2003). On the other, the World Federation of Neurologists (1968) defined it as; Dyslexia is a disorder manifested by difficulty in learning to read despite conventional instruction and socio-cultural opportunity. It is dependent upon fundamental cognitive disabilities which are frequently of constitutional origin. (Mortimore, 2003, by Reid, 1994, p.2). If we pay enough attention to this definition it is clear that the greatest changes considerate on the late sixties that stress and characterized problems to complete reading process to be successful, and the new millennium, that is a interested far more than three different stages of description, the first, behavioural, which is the most important element for teachers and practitioners to work daily with children with dyslexia, particularly in the school, and second, cognitive which is more relate to teacher learning difficulties who is responsible for assessment of any kind of learning difficulties and then Preparation an individual education plan, third, the level of biological, which refers to dyslexia for kind of nervous-developmental in developmental deficit of biological origin(Frith, 2003). However, if we compare the definition of the British Dyslexia Association in the definition of (2001) of dyslexia with the equivalent, which presented by the World Federation of Neurology (1968), we will note other potential conflicts, according to the conceptual dimension to the definition of dyslexia. On the other hand, it is perfectly balanced in those who wish to present the strengths and weaknesses of children with dyslexia: dyslexia is a combination of difficulties, and capacity that may affect the learning process in one or more of the writing, reading and spelling. It might be possible, identify weaknesses in visual perception, processing speed of the short-term memory, sequencing, as well as audio, spoken language and motor skills. and that are relevant to mastering and using written language, which may contain the alphabet and identify the digital as well as musical. 2. Causes of Dyslexia According to ( Rice, 2004 ) there is still no consensus on the underlying causes of dyslexia. It is frequently point out that not all the difficulty in reading or writing means dyslexia. However, there are many scientists who believe that inheritance and hearing problems at an early age may cause dyslexia. This will be discussed in more details. 2.1 Inheritance May not be possible that dyslexia is not a strong characteristic that will be inherited, even if one or both parents have it. On the other hand, this may be possible. it clear that forty per cent of the people and explained that dyslexia has a history of learning difficulties in their family. According to Brain scanning of children with dyslexia by specialists in the field of medicine that bunches of cells beneath the surface in the front left side of the brain are responsible for reading problems (ibid.). This group of cells moving on the surface of brain cells while growing in the fetus, which does not occur with children with dyslexia. In addition, they have to be smaller mango cellular system, which is liable for recognition, for example, symbols and characters, which leads to difficult to read. They usually tend to use the right part for these skills, which are not designed for this job and that six times slower. It is clear that scientists consider these genetic variations and statistics that the inheritance is one of causes of dyslexia. 2.2 Hearing Problems at an Early Age It is frequently point out that the first five years of a childs life are important for the ability to read and write in accordance with natural languages. In the event that the child is suffering from colds or other continuously during the first years of his life, without medical intervention prior to the visit of the health center, may be exposed to ban prayer from time to time and thus may lead to hearing loss. This means that there is a break in the learning process of the child because of those problems in the hearing. If the child does not have the ability to hear words correctly, and thus lead to delays in the phonemic awareness of the child that leads to learning difficulties, such as dyslexia (Bradford, 2009). 3. Intervention for Dyslexia 3.1 Definition of intervention According to Wall (2003) definition of intervention as An intervention is an interaction between two people to bring about change and, therefore, early years practitioners undertake interventions each time they are working with children. Interventions may be short, medium or long term and will be planned carefully to ensure effectiveness and appropriateness. and He suggested idea which is what and how should practitioners draw up a plan or design different and useful intervention programs for each child as a case individually, by clarifying how it could encourage teachers or staff of these children collaborative work by each category of activity classroom, which can be caused by structured plan which made through specialists. It can be seen that intervention has become a significant key in resolving of psychological educational issues which is more effective to clarify access for these issues or problems and also it is useful in reaching positive results, especially for children with learning difficulties who are at risk for any particular type of learning difficulties. It is important to note that it should be look at if one parent has dyslexia, which is likely to move to one of their children as a result it is important there is focus on the family history, which may to be assisted to alert teachers and parents therefore, it may get appropriate intervention program for these children (Augur,1993 ). If we pay enough attention to Augur indicate that developmental dyslexia is justified for certain reasons, first reason, it may be very difficult to clarify kind of developmental dyslexia that a child is born through t according to the results of brain injury as a result of stroke or an accident, etc. Moreover, the second reason which is that many specialists agree that most of these children, who are smart in most courses with the exception of some basic academic skills that need to develop and therefore it is likely that the teachers are providing success and development of the natural growth of children with dyslexia, if they were with the fact that dyslexia may not be curable but it needs to useful intervention programs. 3.2 Stages of intervention in England According to DfES (2003) that stages of intervention used in schools in Britain, with almost identical stages in America, called (waves). Wave 1, which is refer to initial education for literacy in schools in that there must be effective integration of all children, high quality and a daily reading and writing hour with appropriate differentiation required. Whereas, if the children do not respond correctly to primary classroom of literacy guidance therefore, intervention will be necessary. In addition, Wave 2 shows a set of specific interventions which are additional a specific time, which refer to some children who are in need of support services to accelerate development and they can work at or above age-related t the highest of expectations . Wave 3 which is describes the governance for a small number of children and intervention is necessary to provide specifically for the processor speed of evolution or allow children to achieve their potential. It is Clearly that , this could i nclude the 01:01 or specific interventions, so when it comes to older children, which is usually refer to the approach set out specifically for children that have been identified as requiring special education support by working in the school environment. The best example, as noted by the researcher that Wave 3 intervention which is reading recovery. 3.3 Issues associated with intervention It is frequently point out that there is controversy about how to build effectively intervention programme. Researcher will present the most important factors agreed for potential success in the planning and production of the correct intervention program. First, it taking into accounts the assessment procedures and examination in psychology that can explain exactly what are the skills which need to develop in children. According to Fawcett and Lynch (2000) to examine dyslexia test (designed by Nicolson and Fawcett, 1996) will be the most successful for all the teachers to their schools. In addition, this test has become highly efficient because it is interested in semantic and verbal fluency as well as knowledge of numbers. Another reason which is how quickly the application of this test for example, it is take one minute to the task of writing and one minute in the skill of reading, moreover, spelling and other skills that could take two minutes. According to Pumfrey and Reason (2001) enhance the quantity and quality of cognitive development of children is significant factor to reach the appropriate intervention for them, it is important to take into account to confirmation that intervention at the earliest time that in order to that this procedure may not lead to a delay which is undesirable for children who have reading difficulties. In the same context, we may emphasize that the assessment procedures and examination need to be more focus by that stage, even before the application to avoid any future problems (Talcott,, 1997). However, the researcher as a teacher for special education as well as lecturer at the Department of Special Education recognizes that there are no tests in a uniform and there is a clear lack of evaluation of courses in schools in Saudi Arabia. It is clear that this is an opportunity for the researcher to obtain the correct method of assessing and screening for children who have difficulties reading in schools and the transfer of these measures and the right strategies for the development of the educational process in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Talcott (1997) indicate that there is another factor which is related to people who may play an active role of detection of children who have dyslexia. Therefore, there are some people around the children who have learning difficulties and they who provide full care to alleviate the difficulties that may be in these children as well as they are trying to find the appropriate methods in educational process such as, parents, professionals as well as specialists in health care. 3.4 Type of intervention for reading difficulties 3.4.1 Reading Recovery Reading Recovery has been designed by Marie Clay, who is a researcher in New Zealand (Reading Recovery Council , 2006). Mary did studies which allowed her to develop appropriate methods for the detection and intervention for reading difficulties for children. In addition, this program is studies based intervention that is applied in more than 10000 schools in New Zealand, Canada, United Kingdom and Australia. it was a developed to offer intervention for children who have reading difficulties ( Au, Mason1990). According to Au, Mason (1990) The main of reading recovery is to be able to offer intensive one-on-one support children who have reading difficulties in first grade and thus provide appropriate intervention to help them succeed before they improve their reading difficulties (Savage, John 1994). Moreover, it is aimed at less than twenty percent of school classes in first grade classroom. It is clear that it is not easy to make a decision about who children should be given to this program. children are taking a test and depending on the lowest scores for this test and then to hold this program for children got the lowest scores by trained teachers in the application of this program for children who have difficulties reading to reduce these difficulties and to read well (Kline, Anne 1997). It is frequently point out reading recovery is developed to be compatible with the regular school system. Each school needs to confirm that teachers should have the ability to download the program continuously during the year. It is clear that it has the ability to work in a variety of levels for instance it works with teachers, in school, children, and in the education system to provide assistance in reducing reading difficulties in children (Reading Recovery National Network,2006 ). Savage, John (1994) pointed out that Reading Recovery which is a program works differently for each child who is in need of this program. Selection of children for this program based on the report which is submitted by the teacher, and a survey about what child has knowledge of letters and concepts about print process, text reading . In addition, the program begins with what the child is to have the ability to do, then it builds on what they are trying to do and work what child need to learn about reading (Reading Recovery National Network,2006 ).According to Chapman, Turner ( 2003) the program is designed to work one-on-one instruction for thirty minutes a day for a period of twelve to twenty weeks through trained teachers. Moreover, it is designed to regular classroom reading guide. In addition, It is set out to assist based on childs strengths. The main concentration on one-on-one lessons is concentrate on comprehending the various messages in reading and students have the ability to build messages in writing skill (Reading Recovery National Network). According to Savage, John (1994) reading recovery includes that: -Reading Familiar Books: students tend to read books that they enjoy. Teachers, however, will observe how child read these books then they will assist the child while children are reading this book. -Assessment of reading strategies: the students will have a book that have never read it, in the previous lesson, the child will read that book for the teacher, then the teacher will use recorder while the child is read. Working on Letter recognition: student will be trained to look at the different letters, and begins to be familiar with them. -Introducing new books: teacher will choose a number of different books that are suitable for students reading level. Reading new books: The teacher will show a new book for the student, and then the student will be supposed to read it in the next lesson. In addition, the teacher and student will discuss the book and provide assistance to prepare for the understanding of the story in that book before read it. It is clear that Reading program was designed to meet the special the individual needs of reader who has difficulties in reading, which seems different from child to child. Working Individually with students, preparing lessons to respond to the individual needs of the child, will help to develop childrens reading (hapman, Iversen, Tunmer 2005). It is clear that the reading recovery has extensive one-on-one instruction. Not surprising to anyone that the intensity of the program and work individually with students which is influential to stage of intervention for those students who have reading difficulties. Recent research indicates that the method of one-on-one is more effective in teaching in regular classes that lead to achieving the individual needs for each student (Chapman, Tunmer 2003). Reading Recovery Council (2006) pointed out that many of the children are in different levels reading skill, establishment of lesson for all student is not always effective to that a student who does not understand what may be understood by other child and therefore teachers can create a lesson that will contain five elements: working with letters, reading books which are familiar to student, observe and record what is read by the student and reading new curriculum (Barnes, Bonnie 1996). it is possible to assist students achieve effective reading performance by the individual needs of them early. In addition, working individually with students to guide them educating reading strategies as well as to provide some time for the application so that they will be capable to achieve in grade level (Educational Commissions System of the States 2000). It seems clear that the strategy of one-on-one which allows teachers to provide students all comments, compliments and questions that the teacher knows a student who has the ability to answer those questions. In addition to, the reading recovery teachers have the ability to help the student and give feedback for the work he is doing (Barnes, Bonnie 1996). On the other hand, reading recovery will take 30 minutes for each student .It must take into account that there are some things that may be affect the students when they are in the classroom, for example: days of illness, field trips and workshops (Barnes, Bonnie 1996). Barnes, Bonnie (1996) indicate that time consuming is one of the problems related to educating Reading Recovery through the amount of paperwork which are side by side with the teaching of reading recovery to individual students. For example, a written analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the child, the report of the expectations of progress through the identification of long-term and short-term goals to child daily lesson programme. Another drawback of reading recovery is teachers. Many teachers do not usually have support from their colleagues in the school as well as they have difficulty in access to feedback on their lessons. Moreover, there are many teachers in the classroom do not have a sense of the impact of reading recovery program on the children because it is presented only one or two students in their classrooms (Noble, Jo Anne 1995). In addition, There are many teachers who are working only has the half-time reading recovery teacher. Therefore, they have the abilit y to service only about eight children each academic year. In addition, many schools have approximately a hundred and fifty first grade students, this is evidence that only about five or six percent of children have the ability to receive reading recovery programme (Barnes, Bonnie 1996). As has been mentioned before the goal of reading recovery is to guide children in learning techniques and assist to practice time , children have the ability to deliver on grade level (Frankas, George 2000).However, reading recovery is working , regardless of economic status, gender and social status of the group of children that led to the acceleration of the effective progress this programme (Educational Leadership 1990). Centre, Wheldall (1992) pointed out that to make reading recovery programme more effective must change three elements: Behavioural change in teachers. The child behaviour change acquired through teachers. There is a need for the school to change the regulatory requirements for administrators and teachers. It is clear that the results of reading recovery program is that it offers effective intervention for students in grade school and then treatment, instead of falling into the failure in reading difficulties for these children. In addition, it is providing strong support for teachers and enables them to become more effective in reading recovery programme. Moreover, the most important outcome of the program is to be has number of children in grades 2-6 to have a few problems in reading difficulties once and then the program is implemented effectively and correctly (Noble, Jo Anne 1995). 4. Method of teaching reading skills for children with dyslexia As has been mentioned before is that in fact the intervention to address reading difficulties in children with dyslexia is a successful strategy to provide support appropriate for them. But it is frequently point out that , it is to look for on the strengths and weaknesses of the learner and learning styles appropriate through the school by the teacher, which is suited to the needs of each individual. Because it is known to us that each and every child with dyslexia is different according to the file and function of cognitive and learning styles appropriate to him (Reid ,1997). 4.1 Whole Language Instruction According to the study carried out by Frank, 1978, it was having an impact in supporting the Whole Language Instruction, teaching reading is a natural counterpart to learn to speak the sense of learning to read instinctive. In addition, Whole Language Instruction may focuses on education to be of total to the part and not vice versa (e.g. learning the skills not included in the Whole language instruction), and learning to write must occur through fun activities functional meaning, and the focus on education priority, instead of keeping the roots. Moreover, it consenter on the learner who is the center of education rather than the curriculum and education should be based on individual interaction. It is clear that it may supports education in a social environment. Moreover, the teacher is the one who set the curriculum to be concepts are interrelated rather than dividing them up into multiple skills or subsets of content and evaluation focuses on the strengths of the learner. It seems that Whole Language Instruction is a tool to deal with the class and adjust and it may provides disadvantaged students to be able to overcome reading problems ( Pressely, 1994). However, according to Mather (1992 ) Whole Language Instruction team believe that retail could disrupt learning process, so they are opposed to direct teaching of encoding, because it split the language into separate clips and skills, which may lead to the language is not used, as well as a waste of time. The Whole Language Instruction may provide meaning to the texts and it is focusing on both reading and writing, as learn the rules of language may be done without the need to teach voice. It is clear that Educators and researchers stress fact that learning may be the best when there is enjoyable environment for learning and learner will be active participant in learning process as well as the teacher must take into account individual differences between children. These principles focus upon the way of Whole Language Instruction in learning to read, the child will read full text and then he begins to recognize words and letters with helping by teacher and the child will feel motivation when he is reading and that is the most important needs, which increases the capacity of the child with dyslexia to learn to read correctly (Fuhler,1993 ) Learner (2000) pointed out that there are basics of teaching reading difficulties by using method of Whole Language Instruction as following: Firstly : Reading is one of the elements of internal language which is very close to oral language and written language, so teachers who use this method confirm the language written and oral reading lead to the child will be improved, when he learn to read and there is a relationship between linguistic vulnerability in children and reading difficulties, children who have language problems or mobility are likely to develop problems in writing in the early stages. Secondly: The method of verbal language may be acquired by the natural use, according to the teachers who use Whole Language Instruction that children may learn to speak without the need for special training and this means that children will learn to read naturally through exposure to learn to read by focusing on language and books which related to fluency of language. Thirdly : Teachers who use the method of Whole Language Instruction avoid use of separate teaching which does not focus on the link between parts of the meaning of language, as well as the way of teaching that focuses on use of separate exercises, and they believe that books that divide natural language into small pieces and mysterious that could make teaching is difficult. In addition, Whole Language Instruction users think that learning of characters is normally by way of education , it is clear that learning of letters should not be separate, but it is normally acquired through reading. 4.2 Code- emphasis Instruction It is clear that we should understand the strategies of coding in Whole Language Instruction or comic reading (Orthographic) , which are one of the strategies that provide the opportunity to children to read the words by this method because they saw these words for many times . Therefore, they have image of the words in the long-term memory, the image of words are not required to be stored in the same format and font but it will be merely images. To use this strategy, the reader should has knowledge of the alphabet and how to process link this letters together. Moreover, there are many of readers who tend to use this strategy because they have the satisfaction for the words through use of a number of consecutive times as a result, they are willing to remember these words at any time. However , when they are exposed to new words so they tend to use method of Code- emphasis Instruction so they used the analysis of these words and read them (Hoien,2000). According to Learner ( 2000 ) children with dyslexia often need to direct learning and systematic training on reading because the direct training on the skills of voice reading is significant due to the primary task which is a specific part which is used later for reading comprehension. However, children who start to learn to read slowly, they will become readers are strong later. It is clear that Code- emphasis Instruction is effective in that the reader have a broad reading skills in school and In the external environment, he will be able to read any textbooks or other books. In addition , Intensive reading may provide the opportunity for the growth of concepts and verbal knowledge for how to write and read the text. Therefore, ch

Investigatory Project Essay

Garlic is commonly used in culinary and medicine. It grows up to 0.5 m (2ft) in height. Garlic helps prevent heart disease including atherosclerosis, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure and cancer. Garlic is used to prevent certain types of cancer, including stomach and colon cancers. A Czech study found garlic supplementation reduced accumulation of cholesterol on the vascular walls of animals and garlic also cause insects to react due to its allicin. Allicin is an antibiotic substance that is found when the garlic is crushed. The composition of bulbs is approximately 84.09% water, 13.38% organic matter, and 1.53% inorganic matter, while the leaves are 87.14% water, 11.27% organic matter, and 1.59% inorganic matter. Allicin is an antifungal compound (phytoncide) discovered by Chester J. Cavallito and colleagues in 1944. It has been claimed that allicin from crushed garlic can be used as a home remedy to help speed recovery from strep throat or other minor ailments because of its antibiotic properties. By this, we found out that garlic might be effective because of the compound it contains to kill insects in a certain affected plant. It is believed by some to act as a mosquito repellent, but no clinically reported evidence suggests it is actually effective. So we are going to test this garlic insecticide to prove this study. The center point of this study is to create an organic pesticide, a pesticide is a substance formed and established by scientists to act as repellent to harmful insects or organisms that benefit on a certain body that is infected or harmed. It is produced to dissolve the capability of harmful organisms to infect or continue to harm an organism. None of these discoveries and studies involved garlic as pesticide. We are going to prove this study. Conceptual Framework: Garlic as Insecticide Hypothesis: The garlic pesticide conducted contains a substance that is effective to insects. Therefore if it is sprayed to the affected plant with the pest on it, the insect will immediately die because of its reaction to the compound. On the other hand, the plant is safe and not harmed by the substances in the insecticide because it is all natural and organic. Therefore, the conducted pesticide is successful and effective. Definition of Terms: Allicin- is a compound that is created when garlic is chopped or crushed. It is often used in making garlic supplements. Antibiotic- a drug that kills or slows the growth of bacteria Approximately- an approximation is neither a guess nor an error but as exact as it possibly could be given the constraints Colleagues- are like companion or friend or someone whom you work with Compound- is a pure chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical elements that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions. Immediately- instant or fast Insecticide- is a fluid used to kill harmful insects Organic- this means natural and no other elements are mixed in an organic matter. Reaction- is the physical answer of any living factor in a chemical substance Substance- the term substance specifically applies to a physical material with a definite chemical composition that cannot be separated into a constituent material by physical means.

Top Choices of Argumentative Research Paper

Top Choices of Argumentative Research Paper When you are requested to choose a great topic for your argument, start with something you're familiarized with. One of the most critical elements of an argument essay is to ponder and present either side of the problem and undertake a comprehensive evaluation of each. No matter which position you take, it is necessary to consider educated arguments for the opposite positions so you can clearly persuade them to find the validity of your argument. It's possible for you to restate your argument, which is quite a common practice amongst essayists. Whispered Argumentative Research Paper Secrets Tell your husband which you want to hear what's bothering him and that you're not likely to attempt to modify his mind. Pay close attention to all things electronic, and you will be certain to find something debatable of what you see. When you're picking your topic, remember that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. A complete illustration is if a kid comes out of a wealthy family where mom doesn't need to work, and another kid comes out of a single-parent family. Argumentative Research Paper for Dummies Don't forget to re-state why your position is easily the most logical. Through you could present your talent and techniques in front of others. Utilize your present expertise, the information that you have heard before, and clarify your standpoint. You can be certain your point of view is right until you satisfy an individual that thinks that you're completely erroneous. So How About Argumentative Research Paper? You may even go for an available writer to communication panel, which offers an immediate communication between the author and the customer. Not just that, you'll be in a position to understand that how you are able to capture the attraction of the reader by writing on quite a few topics. Rather than sitting vague , it's very good to cash your writing skills. English language classes usually want a lot of writing. The best method is to divide your paper into major divisions and after that think about each option carefully Here are major divisions you're able to speak about in world literature Cultural literature will discuss the studies associated with cultural heritage and environment of distinct nations and countries. Anyway, students should not be disturbed. To write a strong argumentative essay, they should begin by familiarizing themselves with some of the common, and often conflicting, positions on the research topic so that they can write an informed paper. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on distinct views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. You might also want to incorporate a quick discussion of more research that ought to be completed in light of your work. Explain the value of your topic or the info you simply presented. You will be assigned a topic, or your professor will permit you to select your own. There's a quantity of powerful research paper topics for the most intriguing regions of investigation. Without regard to the quantity or variety of research involved, argumentative essays must set a very clear thesis and follow sound reasoning. Below, it is possible to find several ideas for a persuasive essay, which you may use if you prefer. Students that are requested to compose a persuasive essay always have problems while selecting a topic by themselves. Take a look at this argumentative essay infographic! Thus, it's important to read corresponding formatting guide. By now you're probably inclined to find an outstanding argumentative essay outline template. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good concept to start out with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. You don't need to acquire super technical with legal argumentative essays, but don't forget to do your homework on what the recent laws about your preferred topic actually say. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most significant matter to do is to select a topic and an argument that you may really get behind. Make sure the subject of your paper should be somewhat clear and precise. HOW TO DRAFT YOUR THESIS STATEMENT In order to compose a sound thesis, it's first essential to contemplate the topic for a question. Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's important to at all times be critically considering the world around us. Take a look at how to think of an essay topic!

The Effects Of Smoking Among Young People - 1270 Words

A review of smoking amongst young people The tobacco industry has lured young people to start smoking by its advertising; they are unaware of the harmful risks that come about from smoking and the complications that arise. As for the industry the main goal is to make money; the value of the tobacco industry makes about 12.1 billion a year and around 66,000 jobs or more are linked to this industry. Young people are regularly exposed to these messages and therefore they’re persuaded to take up smoking as the media promote it as something fun and adventurous. About 70% of the population are young smokers. The youth see smoking as a means of relaxing, relieving stress and fitting in with the crowd. It’s almost regarded a as fashion statement. It’s an activity which is widely associated and makes them feel more mature however they do not realise the significant health impacts of trying to fit into society can lead to. Smoking has become a very common habit amongst young people as they see at as a way of fitting into their social network of friends. This attitude and behaviour linked to smoking is costing the NHS around 5 billion a year- treating smoking related conditions etc. It is estimated that 207,000 young adolescents start smoking every year. From the population of adults smokers 2/3 started before the age of 18. Smoking generally starts at an early age and then they become addicted and they carry on smoking through adulthood. But why do young people smoke? One of theShow MoreRelated Teens And Smoking Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pages Teens and Smoking Abstract Cigarette smoking is of interest to the National Institute on Drug Abuse both because of the public health problems associated with this form of substance abuse and because this behavior represents a prototypic dependence process. In the past few years the government has made every effort to reach the masses, in an attempt to curb the exploitation of tobbacco use, and its acceptance among Americas Youngsters. However, cigarette smoking among adolescents is on the riseRead MoreSex And Age Disparity Among Teenagers1101 Words   |  5 PagesNumerous public health research indicates that tobacco smoke causes cancer and cardiac diseases to non-smokers. According to the 2006 US Surgeon report, there is no safe level of exposure as far as secondhand smoking is a concern and on average in populations children are more exposed to secondhand smoking than in adults. Despite the level of exposure being on the decline between the years 1988-1994 and 1999-2004, children were still in the subgroup with the least level of decline as compared to other subgroupsRead MoreThe Health Effects Of Water Pipe Smoking1528 Words   |  7 Pages Water-pipe smoking has become increasingly popular in the United States. Its potential impact on life-threatening conditions, nicotine dependence, and because of the lack of knowledge about its health effects, water-pipe smoking represents various public health hazards (Dugas 1). The health effects of smoking hookah are consta ntly misjudged, causing young adults to believe they are smoking without consequences to their well-being. This may not be their fault considering the media’s misrepresentationRead MoreTeen Smoking : Education And Prevention1146 Words   |  5 Pages Teen Smoking: Education and Prevention Virginia Western Community College Jessica Baise Assessment Public Health Problem Tobacco use usually begins during youth and young adulthood. Every day in the United States, more than 3,800 youth under the age of eighteen smoke their first cigarette. (Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults , n.d.) The progress of smoking occasionally to smoking every day is due to the highly addictive drug called nicotine. There are several reasonsRead MoreThe Reason to Increase the Age Limit of Smoking902 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent diseases. Smoking cigarette is one of the worst problems our world is facing and the main reason for this term to be stressful is its consequence. Cigarette can cause different diseases that can directly or indirectly lead to death; â€Å"tobacco use is responsible for nearly 1 in 5 deaths in the united states† (cigarette smoking). Most of the time this consequence highly exists on young smokers or victims can be affected by the consequence because they started smoking young. In the United StatesRead MoreEfforts to Reduce Smok ing Among College Students Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesSmoking has been reduced over the past two decades, but â€Å"cigarette smoking among college students is of concern because the smoking prevalence among college students did not decrease as it did among the general population,† (Harrar et al. 121). 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So when the government imposes a t ax on cigarettes the producer will be able to pass nearly all of the cost from the tax on to the consumer, this is due to the inelastic demand on cigarettes and the quantity demanded onlyRead MoreUnderage Smoking And The United States Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesUnderage Smoking in the U.S. Shockingly, there are 3.5 million middle and high school students smoking cigarettes in the U.S. (Leatherdale Vu, 2011). As we all know, smoking is a horrible habit which affects many of the body’s systems such as the circulatory and immune systems. Underage smoking is an even more serious problem as it affects teenagers’ health and influences more young people to smoke, stopping it is possible with a good tracking system (Qi, 2015). The most obvious problem of underageRead MoreCigarette Smoking Rates Among Adults Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagesimplementing and enforcing comprehensive smoke-free laws, and sustaining hard-hitting media campaigns. 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